Mass differentiated reading skills instruction in high school

Thesis (M.Ed.)--Boston University N.B.: Page 3 Misnumbered

Neighborhood Accountability Boards: The Strength of Weak Practices and Prospects for a “Community Building” Restorative Model

The Article focuses on neighborhood accountability boards (NABs) as restorative justice programs. Examples of NABs in communities include victim-offender mediation (VOM), peacemaking circles, and social support groups for offenders and victims. The authors discuss how NABs lessen the conditions that foster crime and provide community support for at-risk people

Flame Retardant Effect of Aerogel and Nanosilica on Engineered Polymers

Aerogels are typically manufactured vIa high temperature and pressure-critical-point drying of a colloidal metal oxide gel filled with solvents. Aerogel materials derived from silica materials represent a structural morphology (amorphous, open-celled nanofoams) rather than a particular chemical constituency. Aerogel is not like conventional foams in that it is a porous material with extreme microporosity and composed of individual features only a few nanometers in length with a highly porous dendriticlike structure. This unique substance has unusual properties such as low thermal conductivity, refractive index and sound suppression; in addition to its exceptional ability to capture fast moving dust. The highly porous nature of the aerogel's structure provides large amounts of surface area per unit weight. For instance, a silica aerogel material with a density of 100 kilograms per cubic meters can have surface areas of around 800 to 1500 square meters per gram depending on the precursors and process utilized to produce it. To take advantage of the unique properties of silica aerogels, especially the ultra light weight and low thermal conductivity, their composites with various engineering polymers were prepared and their flammability was investigated by Cone Calorimetry. The flammability of various polystyrene/silica aerogel nanocomposites were measured. The combination of these nanocomposites with a NASA patented flame retardant SINK were also studied. The results were compared with the base polymer to show the differences between composites with different forms of silica

Características de la personalidad de los padres o cuidadores de los menores que asisten a controles de salud en entidades de salud públicas y privadas (2013-2015)

Introduction. The study of personality is complex due to a multiplicity of factors (biological, psychological, social and cultural, among others). Traits indicate a personality that is functional (healthy) or dysfunctional (pathological). The most outstanding personality studies focus on personality disorders or abnormalities. In 2017, the World Health Organization (WHO) reported a higher prevalence of bipolar affective disorder (60 million patients), schizophrenia and other psychoses (21 million patients), and dementia (47.5 million patients). However, there are few studies of mental health in people with a functional personality, as considered in this research. The WHO assets that mental health is more than the absence of mental disorders and it is an integral part of health, since there is no health without mental health. The objective is to describe the personality traits of parents attending health checkups with their children at public and private healthcare entities (2013-2015). Methodology. Descriptive cross-sectional study that assesses 14 personality variables; convenience sample: 145 parents attending health check-ups with their children at local public hospitals in Girón and Bucaramanga, and private social company “The Rehabilitation Committee” (Medellín). Information was gathered using the sociodemographic questionnaire and the CUIDA Test (Questionnaire for the Assessment of Adoptive Parents, Caregivers, Guardians and Mediators). Results. 93.1 % of the parents or caregivers are women and 6.9 % are men; 84.8 % aged between 30 and 59; their socioeconomic levels are 1, 2 and 3; 50 % are single mothers. The parents or caregivers with a functional personality showed weaknesses on test scores, as they showed emotional dependency, low self-esteem, low frustration tolerance, limited flexibility, difficulty in establishing emotional ties and low grief resolution capacity, among others. Few parents had high scores on the factors that benefit the care of their children: between 0 % and 22.9 %. Conclusions. In the sample, mostly made up of single mothers, few achieved the high-test scores that were expected in people with a functional personality. On the contrary, low scores predominated, which are not very favorable for the care for children’s health. Personality traits, whether they are functional or not, are transmitted more in the child rearing process by mothers than by fathers. [Díaz-Gordon P, Ortega-Ortíz ME, Díaz-Cadavid D, Naranjo-García AS. Personality traits of parents or caregivers of children attending health checkups at public and private healthcare entities (2013-2015). MedUNAB.2018;21(2):12-28. doi:10.29375/01237047.2424]Introducción. El estudio de la personalidad resulta complejo por una multiplicidad de factores (biológicos, psicológicos, sociales, culturares, entre otros). Los rasgos indican personalidad funcional (saludable) o disfuncional (patológica). Los estudios de personalidad más destacados se enfocan en trastornos o alteraciones de la personalidad. En el 2017, la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS) reportó una mayor prevalencia del trastorno afectivo bipolar (60 millones de pacientes), la esquizofrenia y otras psicosis (21 millones de pacientes), y la demencia (47,5 millones de pacientes). Sin embargo, son escasos los estudios de salud mental en personas con personalidad funcional, como lo plantea esta investigación. La OMS afirma que la salud mental es más que la ausencia de trastornos mentales y es parte integral de la salud, pues no hay salud sin salud mental. El objetivo es describir los rasgos de personalidad de los padres que asisten con sus hijos a controles de salud en entidades de salud públicas y privadas (2013-2015). Metodología. Estudio descriptivo de corte transversal que evalúa 14 variables de personalidad; muestra por conveniencia: 145 padres que asisten a los controles de salud con sus hijos de hospitales locales, públicos de Girón y Bucaramanga, y la empresa privada de carácter social, “El Comité de Rehabilitación” (Medellín). Se recolectó información con el cuestionario sociodemográfico y el Test CUIDA (Cuestionario para la Evaluación de Adoptantes, Cuidadores, Tutores y Mediadores). Resultados. El 93.1 % de los padres o cuidadores son mujeres y el 6.9 %, hombres; el 84.8 % está entre los 30 y 59 años de edad; sus estratos socioeconómicos son 1, 2 y 3; el 50 % son madres cabeza de hogar. Los padres o cuidadores con personalidad funcional, presentaron debilidades en los puntajes de las pruebas, pues manifestaron dependencia emocional, baja autoestima, poca tolerancia a la frustración, poca flexibilidad, dificultad para establecer vínculos afectivos y baja capacidad de resolución de duelo, entre otros. Pocos padres tuvieron puntajes altos en los factores que benefician el cuidado de sus hijos; entre el 0 % y el 22.9 %. Conclusiones. En la muestra, compuesta en su mayoría por madres cabeza de hogar, pocas lograron puntajes altos en las pruebas; aquellos que se esperaban en personas con personalidad funcional. Por el contrario, predominaron los puntajes bajos, que poco favorecen el cuidado de la salud de los hijos. Las características de personalidad funcionales o no, son transmitidas en el proceso de crianza maternal más que paternal. [Díaz-Gordon P, Ortega-Ortíz ME, Díaz-Cadavid D, Naranjo-García AS. Características de la personalidad de los padres o cuidadores de los menores que asisten a controles de salud en entidades de salud públicas y privadas (2013-2015). MedUNAB. 2018;21(2):12-28. doi:10.29375/01237047.2424

Increased usage of special educational services by children born to mothers with systemic lupus erythematosus and antiphospholipid antibodies

Introduction: Surveys of long-term health and developmental outcomes of children born to mothers with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) have suggested an increase in learning disabilities among these children. We performed this observational study to investigate the relationship between maternal autoantibodies and antiphospholipid antibody syndrome (APS) in maternal lupus patients and neurocognitive development among their offspring. Methods: SLE mothers with at least one live birth postlupus diagnosis were enrolled. Data on maternal medical/obstetric history and children’s perinatal/ medical history were collected by structured interview and medical record reviews. The primary outcome was requirement for special educational (SE) services, a proxy for developmental delays. Multiple logistic regression modelling was used to examine associations between APS and autoantibodies with SE usage, accounting for SLE disease severity and potential confounders. Results: Data on 38 mothers and 60 offspring were analysed: SE service usage was reported for 15 of 60 (25%) offspring. Maternal APS history was significantly associated with increased use of SE services among offspring, including after adjustment for lupus anticoagulant (LA) positivity and potential confounders (OR 5.5–9.4 for delays age ≥2; p<0.05). The presence of LA, but not other antiphospholipid antibodies, was also associated with increased SE services usage. Conclusions: Maternal APS and LA were independently associated with increased usage of special educational services among offspring of women with SLE.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/108201/1/Lupus Sci Med-2014-Marder-.pdf5

Training Informal Supporters to Improve Responses to Victim-Survivors of Domestic Violence and Abuse: A Systematic Review

Informal supporters (friends, family, colleagues, and community members) play a crucial role in societal-wide responses to victim-survivors of domestic violence and abuse. Familial and social networks, however, report a sense of helplessness and difficulties in knowing how to respond. This mixed method systematic review examines the effectiveness, and perceived effectiveness, of training informal supporters to improve their responses to victim-survivors. A novel conceptual framework was developed to underpin the review. A systematic search of four electronic databases, specialist repositories, and websites were used to identify empirical research (in academic or gray literature). Eleven included studies examined educational interventions that aimed to improve responses from informal supporters. Quality appraisal was undertaken, and studies were judged to be "good enough" for synthesis. The studies in the review indicated that informal supporters recognized the value of training for building understanding and equipping them with the skills to respond to victim-survivors. The synthesis identified statistically significant improvements in the knowledge and attitudes of informal supporters in the immediate and short-term following training. Using a behavior change model to frame the evidence, the review found that training/educational activities prime informal supporters to respond to victim-survivors, as well as enhancing their capacity and motivation to do so. This increases the likelihood that informal supporters will take action to support victim-survivors of abuse. We don't know, however, what type of support they will provide and/or whether it would be judged to be helpful by victim-survivors

Paper Session II-A - Polyimide Foam Insulation Materials for Aerospace Vehicles and Spaceport Applications

Advancements in high temperature materials by NASA have led to the development of polyimide foam systems with very attractive properties. The properties generated demonstrate the suitability of these materials for use as insulation for cryogenic fuel tanks on next generation vehicles, commercial and military ships, and potentially commercial aircraft. The significance of structural polyimide foams can be realized with a reduction in the overall weight of a launch vehicle. Due to a polyimide\u27 s high operating temperature ( \u27 \u27 260°C) structural polyimide foams can potentially reduce the amount of Thermal Protection System (TPS) and TPS integration structure that is required on launch vehicles. The lowtemperature elasticity of other polyimide foams is an enabling feature for many new cryogenic applications. These high performance materials also have properties that fulfill the demanding upcoming needs in ground support equipment for a Spaceport Technology Center. In a research study performed by Kennedy Space Center (KSC) and Langley Research Center (LaRC), polyimide foams were investigated for their physical, mechanical, thermal, and flammability properties. Variations in chemical structure, cell surface area, cell content and density on the resultant physical properties of the foams were studied. Data generated from this research revealed vital information involving foam technology and the interplay of factors such as foam density, open-closed cell content, surface area, and cell structure on the overall performance of the material. By controlling these parameters, new thermal insulation systems based on polyimide foam materials can be designed to meet demanding applications for spaceports and space vehicles